<br><font size=2><tt>> Bronze vs iron -Yes it is stronger, <br>
> but usually more brittle & can take less side-loading force. Thus
they <br>
> built bronze weapons bulkier & more heavy but they still would
often <br>
> shatter when struck repeatedly with iron weapons.</tt></font>
<br><font size=2><tt>) Actually, bronze is not inferior to iron... :) in
some cases and<br>
) applications it's actually superior.</tt></font>
<br><font size=2><tt>> etc</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>What this is saying is that bronze may be made "stronger"
than iron, but may not necessarily be "tougher".</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>* Strength- ability to withstand force being applied.
Materials will have different types of strength- tensile (resistance to
being pulled), compressive (resistance to being squashed) and shear strength
(resistance to being sliced or sheared)</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>* Toughness- ability to absorb energy before failure</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>* Hardness- resistance to indentation</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>Thus an iron sword might be tougher than a bronze
sword that is actually stronger. So the iron sword that constantly
bends and needs straigtening might last longer than bronze sword that snaps
parrying a mighty blow. An obsidian sword (e.g. a klanth) could be
very hard (and made with a razor sharp edge) but have very little toughness.</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>>Didn't iron weapons also tond to bend with use?</tt></font>
<br><font size=2><tt>There is an interesting anglo-saxon account of soldiers
having to constantly straigthen out their iron swords underfoot..can't
find the reference.. but here is a roman account of Gaulish weapons "</tt></font><font size=3>merely
cutting blades . . . altogether pointless, and fit only to slash from a
distance downwards: these weapons by their construction soon wax blunt,
and are bent and bowed; so that <b>a second blow cannot be delivered until
they are straightened by the foot</b>."</font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>Steel can be very tough and strong. But in early
days strength was generally at the cost of toughness (i.e. becoming more
brittle). Ways around this included smashing up the carbides left
over from the iron making process, welding different compositions of metal
together (e.g. pattern welding... use something hard for the edge supported
by something tough) or by techniques that controlled carbide formation
(eg Damascus steel or the aforementioned wootz steel). My favourite
is about a smith that refined steel by making a sword, filing it down ,
feeding to chicken (after abaking into cakes), reforging and repeating
this. This works by removing phosphorus (which chickens excel at,
they need it for egg making... helps transprt calcium apparently).</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>Bronze can have a wide range of properties (from soft
and malleable to hard and brittle) depending on composition. I did
a review of ancient chinese bronze artifacts many years ago as amazed at
the varaiblity in composition, some spearheads had a really high tin content
and would have been extremely brittle (but really pointy).</tt></font>
<br>
<br><font size=2><tt>But for RPGs it is probably best to ignore all of
this. Especially in Glorantha where bronze is the bones of the gods
and iron is a substance with supernatural properties.</tt></font>
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